All schools was classified of the Chilean Ministry regarding Degree toward around three levels, specifically lowest-reaching colleges, mid-finding colleges and you will highest-reaching universities, depending brand new abilities of their college students throughout SIMCE evaluation ( thirty-two ) .

Anthropometric measurements and you may nutritional standing

Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score

Socio-economic standing

Socio-monetary position (SES) are counted using a scale considering Graffar’s altered approach hence are modified so you’re able to Chilean urban and outlying populations ( Reference Alvarez, Muzzo and you may Ivaple into the five socio-economic teams: 1=highest (0·3 %); 2=mid–high (14·eight %); 3=center (step three8·3 %); 4=mid–lowest (45·six %); and 5=lower (step 1·1 %). Although not, within our data we blended these types of four kinds into three: high (1+2), middle (3) and you can low (4+5) SES.

Analytical data

Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.

Efficiency

Our test was created upwards regarding 13·1 ( sd dos·3) year-old male (52 %) and you will ladies (48 %) adolescents of lower (44·step 3 %), center (39·six %) and you will large (step 16·1 %) SES. They went to 5th (51·9 %) and 9th (48·step one %) grade publicly (34·8 %), partially subsidized (57·8 %) and private universities (7·4 %) about Santiago Urban Part. As for health standing, forty-five % from people was basically heavy or heavy. Nearly half of the students (48 %) attended large-reaching schools, whereas 31 % and 23 % attended mid- and you may lower-reaching colleges, correspondingly.

From the shot, 56 % off pupils reported consumption of affairs during the treat time that https://datingranking.net/de/grune-dating-sites/ have been packed with weight, sugar, sodium and effort. Thirty-half a dozen percent was indeed considered to have bad-to-reasonable snacking, whereas merely 8 % was in fact considered to consume fit things within the snack big date during the college or university. Dining table 1 has got the descriptive analytics of shot. Mediocre opinions out of ratings during the Language and Math was indeed somewhat ong individuals with straight down nutritional top-notch foods in school (P=0·01). The fresh new show regarding children taking substandard dinners at school is significantly large one of 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), people going to lowest-reaching colleges (61 %; P=0·036), in addition to certainly one of skinny and you will typical-pounds users (69 % and 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).